Abdomen agudo quirúrgico por Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Acute surgical abdomen due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Abdome agudo cirúrgico por Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Resumen El diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) representa un desafío, porque tiene un gran polimorfismo en su forma de presentación y, de ser sintomática, se confunde con numerosas patologías que ocasionan dolor abdominal agudo. Neisseria gonorrhoeae es uno de sus agentes etiológicos más frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino con síndrome de abdomen agudo asociado a vómitos. Los estudios de imágenes (ecografía y tomografía axial computada) revelaron la presencia de líquido interasas y apéndice aumentado de tamaño. Se decidió conducta quirúrgica. Durante la misma se tomó muestra de líquido abdominal de cuyo análisis microbiológico se recuperó N. gonorrhoeae, sensible a ceftriaxona y a azitromicina. La paciente fue tratada con estos antibióticos en dosis de 1 g/día/endovenoso, con buena evolución clínica. Frente a una paciente en edad fértil con abdomen agudo es útil recordar, por sus implicancias, la posibilidad de una EIP por N. gonorrhoeae.

Abstract Differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) represents a challenge because it has a great polymorphism in its presentations and, if symptomatic, there are numerous pathologies that cause acute abdominal pain. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most frequent etiological agents. The case of a female patient with acute abdominal syndrome associated with vomiting is presented. Imaging studies (ultrasound and computed tomography) revealed the presence of fluid between the intestinal loops and an enlarged appendix. Surgical management was decided, during which a sample of abdominal liquid was taken and N. gonorrhoeae, susceptible to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, was recovered from its microbiological analysis. The patient was treated with these antibiotics at doses of 1 g/day/iv, with good clinical evolution. In the case of a patient of childbearing age suffering from acute abdomen, it is useful to remember, because of its implications, the possibility of PID due to N. gonorrhoeae.

Resumo O diagnóstico diferencial de doença inflamatória pélvica (DIP), representa um desafio, porque tem um amplo polimorfismo em sua forma de apresentação e, caso seja sintomática, confunde-se com numerosas patologias que causam dor abdominal aguda. Neisseria gonorrhoeae é um dos seus agentes etiológicos mais frequentes. É apresentado o caso de uma paciente de sexo feminino com síndrome de abdome agudo associado com vômitos. Os estudos das imagens (ultrassonografia e tomografía axial computadorizada) revelaram a existência de líquido ascítico e apêndice aumentado de tamanho. Decidiu-se o tratamento cirúrgico. Durante a prática cirúrgica foi obtida amostra do líquido abdominal de cuja análise microbiológica foi recuperada N. gonorrhoeae, sensível à ceftriaxona e à azitromicina. A paciente recebeu o tratamento com esses antibióticos em dose de 1 g/dia/intravenosa, obtendo boa evolução clínica. Diante de uma paciente em idade fértil com abdome agudo, é útil lembrar, pelas suas consequências, a possibilidade de uma DIP por N. gonorrhoeae.

Neumoperitoneo secundario a neumatosis intestinal masiva: un reporte de caso / Pneumoperitoneum secondary to massive intestinal pneumatosis: a case report

Introducción. La neumatosis intestinal se define como la presencia de quistes aéreos en la pared del tracto digestivo, a nivel submucoso o subseroso, que comprometen principalmente el intestino delgado. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas y los hallazgos imagenológicos son fundamentales en el enfoque diagnóstico. El manejo puede ser médico o quirúrgico, dependiendo del compromiso intestinal y las complicaciones asociadas. Caso clínico. Hombre de 78 años, que ingresó por cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico, con hallazgos imagenológicos de neumoperitoneo. Al ser llevado a intervención quirúrgica se encontró neumatosis intestinal masiva del íleon, requiriendo resección intestinal. Resultado. El paciente presentó una evolución postoperatoria satisfactoria y fue dado de alta, sin complicaciones. Conclusión. La neumatosis intestinal es una enfermedad poco frecuente, que se presenta principalmente en hombres. La sospecha diagnóstica se confirma con imágenes tomográficas. Los pacientes candidatos para el manejo médico deben presentar causas con curso benigno, sin compromiso hemodinámico ni complicaciones. El manejo quirúrgico se reserva para pacientes con abdomen agudo o signos de sepsis.

Introduction. Intestinal pneumatosis is defined as the presence of air cysts in the wall of the digestive tract at the submucosal or subserosal level, mainly compromising the small intestine. The clinical manifestations of the disease are nonspecific, and the imaging findings are essential in the diagnostic approach. Management can be conservative and/or surgical depending on the intestinal compromise and associated complications. Clinical case. The following is the case of a 78-year-old man, who was admitted due to chronic abdominal pain with imaging findings of pneumoperitoneum. Patient underwent surgery and a massive ileum pneumatosis was found, requiring intestinal resection. Results. The patient ́s postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged without further complications. Conclusions. Intestinal pneumatosis is an uncommon disease, which mostly affect men population. Clinical suspicion of this condition should be confirmed with abdominal tomography. Candidates for medical management are those with benign course pathologies without hemodynamic compromise and/or complications. Surgical management should be reserved for patients with acute abdomen or sepsis.

Diverticulitis de Meckel, una causa poco frecuente de abdomen agudo / Meckel's diverticulitis, an uncommon cause of acute abdomen

Resumen El divertículo de Meckel (DM) corresponde a la involución aberrante del canal onfalo-mesentérico o conducto vitelino, el cual se ubica a nivel del borde antimesentérico del íleon terminal. Es la anomalía estructural más común del tracto gastrointestinal, casi siempre es asintomático y su diagnóstico por lo general es incidental, sin embargo, la complica ción con diverticulitis es una condición poco usual. Describimos el caso de un hombre de 65 años, que ingresó referido de otra institución con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo, al examen físico presentó signos de irritación peritoneal con evidencia de leucocitosis y neutrofilia en hemograma de ingreso. Se realizó tomografía computarizada de abdomen con contraste endovenoso, la cual se interpretó como diverticulitis de Meckel complicada, siendo corroborado durante el acto quirúrgico y confirmado mediante anatomía patológica. La diverticulitis de Meckel es una entidad rara, sin embargo, es importante reconocerla dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de abdomen agudo, lo cual permitirá una pronta intervención y un favorable desenlace.

Abstract Meckel's diverticulum corresponds to the aberrant invo lution of the omphalo-mesenteric canal or vitelline duct, which is located at the level of the antimesenteric border of the terminal ileum. It is the most common structural anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, it is almost always asymptomatic and its diagnosis is usually incidental, how ever the complication with diverticulitis is an unusual con dition. We describe the case of a 65-year-oldman, who was admitted from another institution with a diagnosis of acute abdomen. On physical examination, he presented signs of peritoneal irritation with evidence of leukocytosis and neutrophilia in the admission blood count. Computerized tomography of the abdomen with intra venous contrast was performed, which was interpreted as complicated Meckel's diverticulitis, being corroborated during the surgical act and confirmed by pathological anatomy. Meckel's diverticulitis is a rare entity, however it is important to recognize it within the differential diagnoses of acute abdomen, which will allow prompt intervention and a favorable outcome.

Síndrome de Rapunzel asociado a perforación intestinal. Caso clínico / Rapunzel syndrome associated with intestinal perforation. Clinical case

Introducción. Los tricobezoares ocurren de forma frecuente en niñas y adolescentes, y se asocian a trastornos psicológicos como depresión, tricotilomanía o tricofagia. Caso clínico. Se presenta una paciente adolescente con síndrome de Rapunzel, con hallazgo adicional de perforación yeyunal debido al tricobezoar. Discusión. Dentro de las complicaciones de los tricobezoares se reporta invaginación intestinal (principalmente de yeyuno), apendicitis, obstrucción biliar, neumonía, pancreatitis secundaria y perforación, esta última como ocurrió en nuestra paciente. Conclusión. En pacientes mujeres adolescentes con dolor abdominal o abdomen agudo, se debe tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de síndrome de Rapunzel, así como sus probables complicaciones

Introduction. Trichobezoars occur frequently in young and adolescent girls, and are associated with psychological disorders such as depression, trichotillomania, or trichophagia. Clinical case. An adolescent patient with Rapunzel syndrome is presented, with an additional finding of jejunal perforation due to the trichobezoar. Discussion. Among the complications of trichobezoars, intussusception is reported (mainly of the jejunum), appendicitis, biliary obstruction, pneumonia, secondary pancreatitis, and perforation, the latter as occurred in our patient. Conclusion. In adolescent female patients with abdominal pain or acute abdomen, the diagnosis of Rapunzel syndrome should be taken into account, as well as its probable complications

Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pos-COVID como abdomen agudo quirúrgico en pediatría / Multisystem inflammatory syndrome post-COVID as acute abdominal pain in pediatrics

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un adolescente masculino, de 15 años, que ingresa por Guardia por dolor abdominal y fiebre de una semana de evolución con RT PCR negativa bajo el diagnóstico presuntivo de apendicitis aguda, que se descarta tras estudios complementarios, y se realiza diagnóstico de síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a infección por COVID-19.

ABSTRACT We report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent male patient who was admitted to the emergency department due to abdominal pain and fever that started one week before, with negative RT-PCR. The suspected diagnosis was acute appendicitis that was ruled out with complementary tests. The final diagnosis was multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.

Left Basilar Pneumonia Simulating Perforated Appendicitis with Peritonitis in a Child

We present an 8-year-old boy who presented with predominant abdominal symptoms initially to the referring hospital and the initial Chest radiograph being reported as normal. Inflammatory markers being sky high with abdominal symptoms and minimal Chest signs, he was referred to as an atypical case of Perforated Appendicitis. By the time patient was seen in the Tertiary University Teaching Hospital, he had developed classic clinical features of Left Basilar Pneumonia which was clearly evident on good quality repeat Chest radiograph and Ultrasound confirmed it and ruled out any abdominal pathology. The patient responded well to intravenous antibiotics followed by oral one with excellent recovery. Our case is a usual reminder of the fact that a patient is more likely to have a rare presentation of a common disease, than a common presentation of a rare one. Take a careful history and examine the child; consult the appropriate specialist resources and then, if necessary, extend your history and examination with review of available investigations especially being good at reading plain radiographs.

Congenital Paraduodenal Hernia: A Case Report

Paraduodenal hernia is a rare congenital anomaly that arises from an alteration in the midgut rotation during embryogenesis. Consequently, the small intestine becomes trapped in a sac of the posterior mesentery of the colon. This entity can compromise the intestinal segment's viability and the patient's life. Its diagnosis is difficult, rarely suspected, and often confused with other causes of abdominal pain. We present the case of a 29-year-old male patient with a documented paraduodenal hernia during surgery, its correction, and follow-up, in which no complications were reported.

La hernia paraduodenal es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente que surge de una alteración en la rotación del intestino medio durante la embriogénesis. En consecuencia, el intestino delgado queda atrapado en un saco del mesenterio colónico posterior. Dicha entidad puede comprometer la viabilidad del segmento intestinal y la vida del paciente. Su diagnóstico es difícil, pocas veces sospechado y muchas veces confundido con otras causas de dolor abdominal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 29 años con una hernia paraduodenal documentada durante la cirugía, su corrección y seguimiento, en el cual no se documentaron complicaciones.

Pancreatitis aguda: Puntos clave. Revisión argumentativa de la literatura / Acute pancreatitis: Key points. Argumentative review of the literature

Introducción. La pancreatitis aguda es una condición gastrointestinal común que se asocia a una importante morbimortalidad. Se estima que su incidencia es de 34 por cada 100.000 habitantes, afecta principalmente a adultos a partir de la sexta década de la vida y en nuestra región es debida en la mayoría de los casos a cálculos biliares. Métodos. Se hizo una revisión de los aspectos fundamentales de esta patología, común y potencialmente mortal. Resultados. El diagnóstico requiere del hallazgo de manifestaciones clínicas, aumento de las enzimas pancreáticas en suero y, en ocasiones, el uso de imágenes diagnósticas. Se puede clasificar en leve, moderada y severa, lo cual es fundamental para determinar la necesidad de tratamiento y vigilancia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión. En la actualidad los pilares de manejo de la pancreatitis aguda son la terapia temprana con líquidos, tratamiento del dolor, inicio precoz de la vía oral y resolución del factor etiológico desencadenante. En presencia de complicaciones o un curso severo de enfermedad, pueden requerirse manejo antibiótico e intervenciones invasivas

Introduction. Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that its incidence is 34 per 100,000 inhabitants, it mainly affects adults from the sixth decade of life, and in our region, most of the cases are secondary to gallbladder stones. Methods. We present a review of the fundamental aspects of this disease, common and potentially fatal. Results. Diagnosis requires finding clinical manifestations, increased serum pancreatic enzymes, and sometimes the use of diagnostic imaging. It can be classified as mild, moderate and severe, which is essential to determine the need for treatment and monitoring in an intensive care unit. Conclusion. Currently, the pillars of management of acute pancreatitis are early fluid therapy, pain management, early oral food intake, and resolution of the etiology. In the presence of complications or a severe course of the disease, antibiotic management and invasive interventions may be required

Acute abdomen in patients with covid-19: an integrative review / Abdômen agudo em pacientes com covid-19: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Introduction: upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients presented with non-classical symptoms, such as gastrointestinal phenomena including loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain abdominal pain. These occurrences, typically, were found in severely affected patients with COVID-19. With this, the aim of this paper is to analyze the available knowledge on the development of acute abdomen in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Methodology: this is an Integrative Review in PubMed, Web of Science and VHL databases. The following descriptors were used: "Acute abdomen", "COVID-19", "Abdominal pain" and "SARS-CoV-2" with the Boolean operator "AND", and articles relevant to the theme were selected. Initially, 331 articles were selected, all published between 2020 and 2023, in Portuguese and/or English. After analysis, 11 articles matched the proposed objective. Results: the relationship between tenderness in the right upper region or the presence of Murphy's sign contributed in the association between abdominal pain and the more severe forms of COVID-19 in infected patients. The number of diagnoses for acute conditions such as cholecystitis, appendicitis, diverticulitis and pancreatitis decreased with the pandemic, but at the same time there was an increase in the duration of surgical procedures and in the length of hospital stays. These acute abdominal conditions were the result of delayed demand for hospital care, which also contributed to an increase in the conversion rate to open surgery and in the number of perforative conditions. Conclusion: the development of acute abdomen in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients was predictive of an unfavorable prognosis.

RESUMO Introdução: a partir da infecção com o SARS-CoV-2, os pacientes apresentaram sintomas não clássicos, como fenômenos gastrointestinais que incluem perda de apetite, náuseas, vômitos, diarréia e dores abdominais. Essas ocorrências, normalmente, foram encontradas em pacientes gravemente afetados pelo COVID-19. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conhecimento disponível sobre o desenvolvimento do abdome agudo em pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa na base de dados PubMed, Web of Science e BVS. Foi utilizado os descritores: "Acute abdomen", "COVID-19", "Abdominal pain" e "SARS-CoV-2" com o operador booleano "AND", e selecionados artigos de relevância para o tema. Inicialmente, foram selecionados 331 artigos, todos publicados entre 2020 e 2023, em português e/ou inglês. Após análise, 11 artigos corresponderam ao objetivo proposto. Resultados: a relação entre a sensibilidade na região superior direita ou a presença do sinal de Murphy contribuiu na associação entre dor abdominal e as formas mais graves do COVID-19 em pacientes infectados. O número de diagnósticos para quadros agudos como colecistite, apendicite, diverticulite e pancreatite tiveram diminuição com a pandemia, mas ao mesmo tempo houve aumento na duração dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e nos períodos de internações. Esses quadros de abdome agudo foram resultados da procura tardia de assistência hospitalar que colaborou, inclusive no aumento da taxa de conversão para a cirurgia aberta e no número de quadros perfurativos. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento do abdome agudo em pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 foi preditor de um prognóstico desfavorável.

Diagnosis and Treatment Reasoning of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Against Acute Abdomen Based on Knowledge Graph / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveIn view of the standardization of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the acute abdomen and the inheritance of diagnosis and treatment experience of prestigious veteran traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） doctors， a diagnosis and treatment reasoning algorithm based on association rule mining under incomplete evidence（AMIE）+ random walk was proposed to provide information services and technical support for primary doctors by recommending personalized diagnosis and treatment plans based on medical records. MethodThe experience of diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen of prestigious veteran TCM doctors and the text data of clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines of integrated TCM and western medicine were collected to complete the task of knowledge extraction and construct acute abdomen knowledge graph based on Neo4j. On the basis of ontology-supported rule-based reasoning， the rule reasoning based on similar syndromes was used to expand the syndrome combinations whose Jaccard similarity was greater than the threshold in the syndrome recommendation results. The semantic path coverage algorithm was used to calculate the semantic similarity between the symptom nodes. The symptom nodes were divided into 10 categories， and the symptom nodes in the same category were extended. The random walk algorithm was used to search the symptom nodes connected with the syndrome， and the connection rules between the syndrome and symptom nodes were extended to realize the knowledge reasoning of AMIE+ random walk. ResultThe acute abdomen knowledge graph included 1 320 nodes and 2 464 relationships. According to the link prediction evaluation index of knowledge reasoning， the reasoning results of the three algorithms in the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen were compared. The AMIE+ random walk algorithm complemented the knowledge graph by extending the similar syndrome connection rules and the syndrome-symptom connection rules. Compared with the knowledge reasoning algorithm based on ontology rules， the area under the curve （AUC） was 15.18% higher and the accuracy was 30.36% higher， which achieved more accurate and effective knowledge inference. ConclusionThis study used knowledge graph technology to visualize the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen with TCM and western medicine， assisting primary clinicians in intuitively viewing the diagnosis and treatment process and data relationship. The proposed diagnosis and treatment reasoning algorithm can realize the personalized diagnosis and treatment plan recommendation at the level of "disease-syndrome-diagnosis-treatment-prescription"， which can assist primary doctors in disease diagnosis and treatment and clinical decision-making， contribute to the knowledge sharing and application of diagnosis and treatment experience and clinical guidelines of prestigious veteran TCM doctors， improve the level of primary clinical diagnosis and treatment， and promote the normalization and standardization of the diagnosis and treatment process of acute abdomen with integrated TCM and western medicine.

Abdominal Manifestations of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Single-Center Experience

Objectives: We reviewed the cases of probable multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) to identify those cases that mimicked surgical emergencies. Methods: Records of children managed for MIS-C during a 15-month period between March, 2020 and April, 2021 were retrieved. Data on clinical presentation, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR report, SARS-CoV-2 antibody status, blood investigations, radiological investigations and management were collected. Results: A total of 28 out of 83 children with probable MIS-C had acute abdominal symptoms and signs. Fifteen children had mild features like diffuse abdominal pain or non-bilious vomiting, and the remaining 13 (46.2%) had severe abdominal signs or bilious vomiting. Four children worsened with conservative treatment for MIS-C and were detected with perforated appendicitis. Two more children developed recurrent appendicitis on follow up. One child with appendicitis who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, later manifested with MIS-C. Conclusion: Surgical abdominal emergencies may be confused with or occur concurrently in children with MIS-C that should be identified with a high index of suspicion.

Presentation patterns and outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer seeking the emergency department for consultation

Background: Patients with colorectal cancer may seek the emergency department for symptoms related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy side effects as well as those from the disease itself and from surgery complications. Objectives: To establish the epidemiological and clinical profile of colorectal cancer patients that look for consultations in the emergency department. Methods: Retrospective study of emergency room charts from colorectal cancer patients that consulted in a single oncological hospital for the period of 1 year. Results: Four hundred and forty-six consultations were identified (49.5% males and 50.5% females) with a mean age of 63 years and with advanced disease (most with tumor, node, metastases [TNM] stages III and IV). The most common complaint was abdominal pain (27.5%), followed by nausea (4.7%; more commonly seen in females with p =0.03) and bladder symptoms (4.7%; more commonly seen in males, with p =0.003). Infections (10.3%) and acute abdominal pain (9.1%) were the most frequent diagnoses. About 18% of them were admitted to the hospital and 80% were discharged home. Conclusion: The profile of patients with colorectal cancer seeking the emergency department comprises patients with advanced disease and a similar proportion of males and females. Symptom-driven complaints were the most frequent reason for consultations. (AU)

Obstrucción intestinal por vólvulo de ciego en paciente con malrotación intestinal asociado a situs ambiguous / Intestinal obstruction due to volvulus of the cecum in a patient with intestinal malrotation associated with situs ambiguous

Introducción. La oclusión intestinal, completa o incompleta, es uno de los cuadros de abdomen agudo más frecuentes. Constituye entre 20 % y 35 % de los ingresos urgentes en las áreas quirúrgicas hospitalarias. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedente de carcinoma de próstata, que consultó con un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal y abdomen agudo. Se le diagnosticó vólvulo de ciego, mal rotación intestinal y situs ambiguous. El tratamiento quirúrgico del paciente fue exitoso. Conclusión. El conocimiento de estas condiciones patológicas es imprescindible para poder brindarle un correcto tratamiento quirúrgico y disminuir la mortalidad que pueden acarrear

Introduction. Complete or incomplete intestinal obstruction is one of the most frequent acute abdomen conditions. It constitutes between 20% and 35% of the urgent admissions of hospital surgical areas. Clinical case. We present a case of a patient with a history of prostate carcinoma, who began with clinical symptoms of intestinal obstruction and acute abdomen. He was diagnosed with volvulus of the cecum, intestinal malrotation, and situs ambiguous. Surgical treatment of the patient was successful. Conclusion. Knowledge of these pathological conditions is essential to be able to provide correct surgical treatment and reduce the mortality that these can lead to

Post-COVID-19 superior mesenteric artery and jejunal branches thromboembolism / Tromboembolismo de la arteria mesentérica superior y de las ramas yeyunales post-COVID-19

Abstract The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global public health emergency. Despite the predominating respiratory symptoms occurring in COVID-19, thrombosis can occur in some patients, with morbidity and mortality increase due to the respiratory worsening. This article reports the case of a 62-year-old man with a flu-like illness that was diagnosed as CO VID-19 by RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2. After three weeks, he subsequently developed abdominal pain in addition to bloating, nausea, and vomiting. He underwent exploratory laparotomy after imaging tests suggested mesenteric ischemia. Intestinal ischemia was evident, due to the absence of flow in the superior mesenteric artery and jejunal branches. Embolectomy and enterectomy were performed and they resulted in a favorable outcome, with clinical improvement. This case adds data to the limited literature on extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19, notably those related to thromboembolic events.

Resumen La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha declarado la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) una emergencia de salud pública mundial. A pesar de los síntomas respiratorios predominantes en COVID-19, la trombosis puede ocurrir en algunos pacientes, con un aumento de la morbimortalidad debido al empeoramiento respiratorio. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 62 años con enfermedad similar a la gripe que fue diagnosticada como COVID-19 por RT-PCR de SARS-CoV-2. Después de tres semanas, de sarrolló dolor abdominal además de hinchazón, náuseas y vómitos. Fue sometido a laparotomía exploradora luego de que las pruebas de imagen sugirieran isquemia mesentérica. Se evidenció isquemia intestinal por ausencia de flujo en la arteria mesentérica superior y ramas yeyunales. Se realizó embolectomía y enterec tomía con evolución favorable, con mejoría clínica. Este caso añade datos a la limitada literatura sobre las complicaciones extrapulmonares del COVID-19, en particular las relacionadas con eventos tromboembólicos.

Diverticulitis apendicular, reporte de un caso

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de diverticulitis apendicular y compararlo con la literatura actual. Material y M étodo: Registro clínico de un paciente que ingresa a urgencias del Hospital Padre Hurtado, incluyendo cuadro clínico, imagenología, manejo quirúrgico y anatomía patológica. Resultados: Paciente se presenta con cuadro de dolor abdominal atípico, con imagen sugerente de apendicitis diverticular. En pabellón se logra completar apendicectomía laparoscópica con buena evolución posterior. Al estudio patológico se confirman características histológicas de diverticulitis perforada apendicular. Discusión: Se presenta un cuadro clínico que se condice con lo descrito en la literatura actual, aportando imágenes características, tanto de radiología como histopatología. Conclusión: Debido a su mayor riesgo de perforación y mortalidad, la diverticulitis apendicular es una patología que debe considerarse en los diagnósticos diferenciales de dolores abdominales atípicos, en hombres mayores de 30 años, especialmente con los hallazgos imagenológicos característicos.

Objective: To present a clinical case of appendiceal diverticulitis and compare it to contemporary literature. Material and Method: Clinical record of a patient who attends the emergency service of Hospital Padre Hurtado, including clinical presentation, image studies, surgical management and histopathology studies. Results: A patient presents with atypical abdominal pain, image studies suggest appendiceal diverticulitis. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed with optimal postoperative results. Pathological biopsy studies confirm histological characteristics of a perforated appendiceal diverticulitis. Discussion: A clinical case is presented, which correlates well with contemporary literature of the subject. We provide characteristic image and histopathological studies. Conclusion: Due to its higher perforation rate and mortality, appendiceal diverticulitis is a pathology which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical abdominal pain, in males over 30 years old, especially with characteristic image studies.

Caracterización clínico-quirúrgica de pacientes con pancreatitis aguda, Guantánamo 2016-2020

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda es una problemática de salud médico-quirúrgica a escala mundial. En Guantánamo, no se encuentran estudios sobre las características clínicas y quirúrgicas de pacientes con esta afección. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con pancreatitis aguda atendidos en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", provincia Guantánamo, Cuba, durante los años 2016-2020 desde una perspectiva clínica y quirúrgica. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal en 86 pacientes egresados de dicho hospital, donde fueron analizadas las variables: edad, sexo, clasificación, etiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento, complicaciones de la pancreatitis, estadía evolución y otras. Se asumieron los resultados al momento del ingreso de: glucemia, calcemia, amilasemia, ultrasonido diagnóstico abdominal y tomografía axial computadorizada de abdomen. Resultados: La edad media del grupo fue de 53,8 ± 18,6 años. Fue más frecuente la pancreatitis aguda en fase temprana (70,9 %), la edematosa intersticial (90,7 %), tipo grave (51,2 %) y la biliar (32,6 %). El dolor abdominal (100 %) fue el principal síntoma. El 77,9 % presentó hiperamilasemia. El 77,4 % y el 73,3 % mostró anormalidades en el ultrasonido y en la tomografía de páncreas, respectivamente. El tratamiento quirúrgico más realizado fue la necrosectomía y abdomen cerrado (60,4 %). El 100 % presentó alguna complicación. La estadía fue de 11,0 ± 7,2 días. Conclusiones: La pancreatitis aguda impacta como problemática de salud, de modo más común en su forma grave, determinada por litiasis en la vía biliar, y por la elevada frecuencia de complicaciones.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a medical and surgical health problem at worldwide. In Guantanamo, there is not studies found related to patients with the over mentioned clinical and surgical characteristics. Objective: Characterization, from a clinical and surgical perspective, of patients with acute pancreatitis attended at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Guantánamo province, Cuba, throughout 2016 to 2020. Method: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out in 86 discharged patients. Variables used were as follow: age, sex, classification, etiology, diagnostic, treatment, pancreatitis complications, stay, evolution and, others. The clinical outcomes assumed at admission time were as follow: glycemia, calcaemia, amylasemia, abdominal ultrasound diagnosis and abdominal computed tomography. Results: The mean age of the group studied was 53.8 ± 18.6 years. Early stage acute pancreatitis (70.9 %), interstitial edematous (90.7 %), severe pancreatitis (51.2 %) and, biliary pancreatitis (32.6 %) were more frequent. Abdominal pain in the patients studied (100 %) was the main symptom. Hyperamylasemia was present in 77.9 %. The 77.4 % of the patients showed abnormalities in ultrasound and 73.3 % at the Computed tomography of the pancreas. The most frequently performed surgical treatment was necrosectomy and closed abdomen (60.4 %). The 100 % of the patients admitted presented some complications. The term of stay in admission was 11.0±7.2 days. Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis as a health problem commonly arises in its severe form, characterized by the presence of lithiasis in the biliary tract and the high frequency of complications.

Introdução: A pancreatite aguda é um problema de saúde médico-cirúrgico em todo o mundo. Em Guantánamo, não há estudos sobre as características clínicas e cirúrgicas dos pacientes com essa condição. Objetivo: Caracterizar os pacientes com pancreatite aguda atendidos no Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", província de Guantánamo, Cuba, durante os anos 2016-2020 do ponto de vista clínico e cirúrgico. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal em 86 pacientes egressos do referido hospital, onde foram analisadas as variáveis: idade, sexo, classificação, etiologia, diagnóstico, tratamento, complicações da pancreatite, tempo de internação e outros. Os resultados no momento da admissão foram assumidos: glicemia, calcemia, amilase, ultrassonografia abdominal diagnóstica e tomografia axial computadorizada de abdome. Resultados: A média de idade do grupo foi de 53,8 ± 18,6 anos. Pancreatite aguda na fase inicial (70,9%), edema intersticial (90,7%), grave (51,2%) e biliar (32,6%) foram mais frequentes. Dor abdominal (100%) foi o principal sintoma. 77,9% apresentaram hiperamilasemia. 77,4% e 73,3% apresentaram anormalidades na ultrassonografia e tomografia pancreática, respectivamente. O tratamento cirúrgico mais realizado foi necrosectomia e abdome fechado (60,4%). 100% apresentaram alguma complicação. A permanência foi de 11,0 ± 7,2 dias. Conclusões: A pancreatite aguda impacta como problema de saúde, mais comumente em sua forma grave, determinada pela litíase no ducto biliar e pela alta frequência de complicações.

Apendicitis aguda en una gestante lúpica / Acute appendicitis in pregnant lupus

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio crónico y el aumento de la producción de autoanticuerpos como mecanismos patogénicos. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en pacientes femeninas y en edad fértil. La gestación en pacientes con esta enfermedad se considera como una condición de extrema precaución, ya que existe influencia de la gestación en la actividad clínica del lupus y del lupus en la evolución de la gestación. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas, como es el caso de una apendicitis aguda, aportan mayor riesgo al binomio madre-feto. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comunicar la experiencia de tratamiento de una paciente de 31 años de edad, con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico y a quien a las 35,6 semanas de gestación se le presentó un cuadro de apendicitis aguda que no solo provocó la actividad de la enfermedad, sino que causó la interrupción de la gestación. La paciente y el recién nacido presentaron una evolución favorable sin complicaciones posteriores.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that includes the presence of a chronic inflammatory process and increased production of autoantibodies as etiopathogenic mechanisms. As a disease, it occurs more frequently in female patients and those of childbearing age. Pregnancy in patients with this disease is considered an element of extreme caution since there is an influence of pregnancy on the clinical activity of lupus and lupus on the evolution of pregnancy. The presence of surgical complications, as is the case of acute appendicitis, brings greater risk to the mother-fetus binomial. The objective of this report is to communicate the treatment experience of a 31-year-old patient, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and who at 35.6 weeks of gestation presented acute appendicitis that not only causes disease activity, but it generates the need to interrupt the pregnancy. The patient and the newborn had a favorable evolution, with no subsequent complications.

Uso de estudios de laboratorio y gabinete en pacientes con dolor abdominal no traumático, en el servicio de urgencias

Introducción: La evaluación del paciente con dolor abdominal agudo no traumático es un reto diagnóstico. El uso de pruebas de laboratorio y gabinete son herramientas útiles que nos permiten obtener información complementaria sobre cada paciente y con ello confirmar o descartar un diagnóstico y determinar su plan de acción. Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de uso de en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital General Regional No.72 en pacientes con dolor abdominal no traumático. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo donde se revisaron 126 expedientes clínicos de pacientes ≥20 años, que acudieron a urgencias por, los cuales contaban con una estancia de al menos 8 h y a quienes se practicó alguna; se excluyeron expedientes clínicos de mujeres embarazadas. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 827 pruebas a 126 pacientes. Los principales estudios utilizados fueron: biometría hemática (99,2 %), glucosa, urea, creatinina, electrólitos y tiempos de coagulación (en el 100 % de los pacientes). Los estudios de gabinete más utilizados fueron: ultrasonido (31,7 %) y tomografía abdominal (11,9 %). Las cinco patologías más prevalentes fueron: colecistitis, infección urinaria, gastroenteritis, enfermedad ácido péptica y pancreatitis. Conclusiones: El dolor abdominal es una patología de etiología multivariada, por lo que su estudio adecuado es esencial para el manejo de las personas y la implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad centrado en el paciente.

Introduction: The evaluation of the patient with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain is a diagnostic challenge. The use of laboratory and cabinet tests are useful tools allowing to obtain complementary information about each patient and thereby confirm or rule out a diagnosis and determine its action plan. Objective: To estimate the frequency of use of laboratory and cabinet tests in the emergency department at the Regional General Hospital No.72, in patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain from August to September 2017. Methods: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. One hundred twenty six (126) clinical records of patients ≥20 years old were reviewed, these subjects attended the emergency room for non-traumatic acute abdominal pain, and had a stay of at least 8 hours. They underwent some laboratory and cabinet tests. Clinical records of pregnant women were excluded. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Eight hundred twenty seven (827) tests were performed on 126 patients. The main studies used were blood count (99.2%), glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes and coagulation times (in 100% of patients). The most used cabinet studies were ultrasound (31.7%) and abdominal tomography (11.9%). The five most prevalent pathologies were cholecystitis, urinary infection, gastroenteritis, acid peptic disease and pancreatitis. Conclusions: Abdominal pain is a pathology of multivariate etiology, so adequate study is essential for the management of people and the implementation of a quality management system focused on the patient.

Jejunal perforation secondary to kick during kick-boxing practice: laparoscopic management / Perforación yeyunal secundaria a patada durante práctica de kick-boxing: Manejo laparoscópico

Abstract Small bowel injury in a sports setting is a rare occurrence with a paucity of reported cases. A 30-year old male patient consulted for generalized abdominal pain subsequent to secondary blunt abdominal trauma during kick-boxing practice. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a moderate amount of free fluid in both the parietocolic space and the rectovesical pouch, with perihepatic pneumoperitoneum. Emergency laparoscopy was indicated and a closure of small bowel defect was performed. Diagnosis of small bowel injuries is difficult, resulting in delayed treatment and increased mortality and morbidity.

Resumen La lesión intestinal en un entorno deportivo es infrecuente con pocos casos comunicados. Un varón de 30 años consultó por dolor abdominal generalizado posterior a un traumatismo abdominal cerrado secundario a la práctica de kick-boxing. Una tomografía computarizada de abdomen y pelvis reveló líquido libre tanto en el espacio parietocólico como en la bolsa rectovesical, con neumoperitoneo perihepático. Se indicó laparoscopia exploradora con cirugía de rafia intestinal. El diagnóstico de las lesiones del intestino delgado es difícil, lo que provoca un retraso en el tratamiento y un aumento de la mortalidad y la morbilidad.